Minerals >> Calcium

Calcium is the most common mineral in the human body. About 99% of the calcium in the body is found in bones and teeth, while the other 1% is found in the blood and soft tissue. Calcium levels in the blood and fluid surrounding the cells (extracellular fluid) must be maintained within a very narrow concentration range for normal physiological functioning. The physiological functions of calcium are so vital to survival that the body will demineralize bone to maintain normal blood calcium levels when calcium intake is inadequate. Thus, adequate dietary calcium is a critical factor in maintaining a healthy skeleton.

Structure

Calcium is a major structural element in bones and teeth. The mineral component of bone consists mainly of hydroxyapatite [Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂] crystals, which contain large amounts of calcium and phosphate. Bone is a dynamic tissue that is remodeled throughout life. Bone cells called osteoclasts begin the process of remodeling by dissolving or resorbing bone. Bone-forming cells called osteoblasts then synthesize new bone to replace the bone that was resorbed. During normal growth, bone formation exceeds bone resorption. Osteoporosis may result when bone resorption exceeds formation.

See Also:

• Calcium Deficiency

• Calcium & Disease Prevention-1, Kidney stones, Osteoporosis...

• Calcium & Disease Prevention-2,Lead toxicity, Pregnancy-induced hypertension...

• Calcium & Disease Treatment: High Blood Pressure (hypertension)

• Calcium Functions: Cofactor for Enzymes and Proteins

• Do high calcium intakes increase risk of prostate cancer?

• Calcium Safety, Drug & Nutrient Interactions

• Calcium Sources: Food sources & Supplements

• Calcium and Weight loss

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